In the past three decades, two substantial and interrelated phenomena, namely globalization and digitalization, have been reshaping the world in an unprecedented manner. Globalization is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon resulting in more interdependence and mutual awareness among economic, political, and social units across the world (Guillén, 2001; Held, McGrew, Goldblatt, & Perraton, 1999; Steger, 2010).

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